Unsteady flow sensing and estimation via the gappy proper orthogonal decomposition

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been widely used in fluid dynamic applications for extracting dominant flow features. The “gappy” POD is an extension to this method that allows the consideration of incomplete data sets. In this paper, the gappy POD is extended to handle unsteady flow reconstruction problems, such as those encountered when limited flow measurement data is available. In addition, a systematic approach for effective sensor placement is formulated within the gappy framework using a condition number criterion. This criterion allows for accurate flow reconstruction results and yields sensor configurations that are robust to sensor noise. Two applications are considered. The first aims to reconstruct the unsteady flow field using a small number of surface pressure measurements for a subsonic airfoil undergoing plunging motion. The second considers estimation of ∗Assistant Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Room 37-447, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, [email protected], fax: 617-258-5143, Member AIAA